Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Studying the Biowaiver Risk of Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class I Drugs With Rapid Elimination: Dexketoprofen Trometamol Case Study

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.808456

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structure of the compartmental absorption and transit (CAT) model and two- compartment model; the parameter used in the models include: K dis is the dissolution rate constant; K a is the absorption rate constant; K tgl is the liquid gastric emptying rate constant, K t gs is the solid gastric emptying rate constant; K t is the intestinal gastric emptying rate constant; K 12 is the transit rate constant from the central compartment to the peripheral compartment; K 21 is the transit rate constant from the peripheral compartment to the central compartment; K 10 is the first-order elimination rate constant.

Article Snippet: Using the absorption module in SimCYP ® software (Version 18.0) to predict P eff in human and the K a of DEX was calculated using the following equation: K a = 2 × P eff R (7) In the above equation, R is the intestinal radius.

Techniques: Dissolution

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Studying the Biowaiver Risk of Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class I Drugs With Rapid Elimination: Dexketoprofen Trometamol Case Study

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.808456

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of changes in drug permeability, dissolution, liquid gastric emptying time, and solid gastric emptying time on the C max and AUC tlast changes for dexketoprofen, and the results of plasma profiles of various parameters simulated by the PBPK model. Changes in parameters were normalized to the baseline value of reference value, whereas the C max and AUC tlast changes were normalized to the baseline C max (A) and AUC tlast (B) values and the BE limits of 80–125% boundary for the C max and AUC tlast (dashed lines), respectively. 3D surface response plot to show the relationship of dexketoprofen liquid gastric emptying time (min) with dissolution (C) and absorption (D) effects on the C max .

Article Snippet: Using the absorption module in SimCYP ® software (Version 18.0) to predict P eff in human and the K a of DEX was calculated using the following equation: K a = 2 × P eff R (7) In the above equation, R is the intestinal radius.

Techniques: Permeability, Dissolution, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Studying the Biowaiver Risk of Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class I Drugs With Rapid Elimination: Dexketoprofen Trometamol Case Study

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.808456

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) : Compartmental dissolution of the three DEX formulations in the PBPK model; (B) : compartmental absorption of the three DEX formulations in the PBPK model.

Article Snippet: Using the absorption module in SimCYP ® software (Version 18.0) to predict P eff in human and the K a of DEX was calculated using the following equation: K a = 2 × P eff R (7) In the above equation, R is the intestinal radius.

Techniques: Dissolution